In 1969, a 21-year old art teacher in a small town in upstate New York refused to lead her homeroom in the Pledge of Allegiance. The school district fired her, and she brought a lawsuit under the First Amendment. In this historic reenactment of the trial and appeal to the Second Circuit, Mishka Woodley (Photo, far right, front row) was proud to join members of the Judiciary and the community as they explored the story of Susan Russo, whose silent refusal to pledge allegiance in the classroom raised questions about patriotism, loyalty and the 1st Amendment.